Comparación Crítica de Normas MPPT en Sistemas Fotovoltaicos: EN 50530, IEC 62816 y ASTM E2848 Critical Comparison of MPPT Standards in Photovoltaic Systems: EN 50530, IEC 62816, and ASTM E2848
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Se han publicado más de cien algoritmos de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia (MPPT), pero la evaluación de su desempeño sigue siendo heterogénea. Las normas EN 50530, IEC 62816 y ASTM E2848 constituyen los principales estándares internacionales que especifican cómo cuantificar la calidad del seguimiento. No obstante, presentan discrepancias críticas en su alcance, métricas, perfiles de prueba y tratamiento de incertidumbres. Este artículo lleva a cabo un análisis comparativo detallado que identifica 14 criterios de evaluación, examina minuciosamente la formulación matemática de cada indicador de rendimiento y analiza las limitaciones que dificultan una clasificación clara de los algoritmos. Entre los principales resultados se encuentran: (i) la única norma que exige rampas de irradiancia específicas es la EN 50530 (0,5–100 W/(m² s)) para pruebas dinámicas; (ii) la norma IEC 62816 define la "pérdida de energía por seguimiento" (εTL) y establece una clasificación de A a E; (iii) la norma ASTM E2848 emplea regresión múltiple para calcular la potencia esperada, un enfoque que disminuye la precisión en condiciones dinámicas.
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