Comparative analysis of lignocellulosic residues in the production of high-resistance disposable tableware

Abstract

This documentary research analyzes the technical feasibility of three agro-industrial waste products—sawdust, abaca fibers, and plantain stalks—as raw materials for manufacturing biodegradable tableware within the context of a circular bioeconomy. The primary objective was a comparative evaluation of these materials through a systematic review of the scientific literature (2015–2025) to determine the extent to which different material options contribute to the efficiency of thermo-press processes using thermoplastic starch (TPS). The methodology comprises a multi-criteria evaluation of physicochemical properties, processing parameters, and mechanical performance, as described in high-impact databases. The results indicate that sawdust is best suited for rigid products due to its high lignin content (25–32%), impermeability, and thermal stability at an optimal temperature of approximately 165 °C. Abaca, for its part, has high tensile strength, while the green stalk, although readily available regionally, presents challenges due to its hygroscopicity and energy requirements for drying. Sawdust, ultimately, is the material that offers the best balance. Despite this, the sawdust-abaca combination proves to be the most efficient technical solution for combining rigidity with ductility, thus achieving a sustainable and competitive alternative for producing high-value products compared to fossil-based polymers.