Determination of the optimal tilt angle for fixed photovoltaic systems using PVsyst simulation software Determinación del ángulo óptimo de inclinación para sistemas fotovoltaicos fijos mediante software de simulación PVsyst
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Abstract
The efficient design of photovoltaic systems (PV systems) is essential to ensure their long-term profitability and energy performance. This study employs PVsyst, a leading photovoltaic simulation software, as a key tool to support the optimization of fixed-system designs. PVsyst allows accurate modeling of energy production by considering critical factors such as solar radiation, module orientation and tilt, shading, thermal losses, and the electrical characteristics of inverters. Through parametric simulations, the software facilitates informed decision-making that balances energy yield and system cost. In this work, PVsyst was used to determine the optimal tilt angle for a 100 kW fixed PV system located in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where the high solar altitude throughout the year directly influences irradiance capture. Tilt angles between 0° and 20° were evaluated, achieving a maximum annual energy output of 139.40 MWh at 3°, a value consistent with the solar behavior typical of equatorial regions. However, this configuration may not be suitable for systems without active cleaning mechanisms; in such cases, a greater tilt angle should be considered to facilitate rainwater runoff and the natural self-cleaning of the modules
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