Impact of immunization against bovine viral diseases on pregnancy rate in fixed-time artificial insemination treatments in bos indicus cattle from the Ecuadorian tropic. Impacto de la inmunización contra enfermedades virales bovinas sobre la tasa de preñez en tratamientos de inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo en ganado Bos indicus del trópico del Ecuador.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of immunization against bovine viral diseases on pregnancy rates in Bos indicus cattle following fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols. One hundred heifers were divided into two treatment groups: one group received double vaccination 42 and 21 days before the start of the FTAI protocol, while the other group did not. A vaccine containing antigens against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (BoHV-1) (IBR), Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BSRV), Parainfluenza 3 (PI3), and Leptospira spp. (Cattle Master Gold FPTM 5 L5) was used. To determine pregnancy losses, pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound 30 days after the FTAI, followed by a second diagnosis by rectal palpation 75 days after the FTAI. Pregnancy losses were considered when heifers were pregnant at 30 days and then no longer pregnant at 75 days. The FTAI protocol began with the administration of a Bovine Intravaginal Device (DIB, zoetis) of progesterone P4 on Day 0, along with a 2 mg injection of estradiol benzoate (Gonadiol, Zoetis). On day 6, the P4 DIB was removed and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; Novormon, Zoetis) and 526 μg of sodium cloprostenol (Ciclase, Zoetis) were injected. Artificial insemination was performed between 60 and 72 hours after removal of the P4 DIB together with the application of 100 μg of a GnRH analogue (Gonasyn, Zoetis). No significant difference (P=0.3) was found between the study groups; however, a numerical difference was found in the pregnancy rate of vaccinated heifers; at 30 days of gestation, vaccinated heifers had a 44% pregnancy rate, while unvaccinated heifers had a 34% pregnancy rate. At 75 days of pregnancy, vaccinated heifers had a 42% pregnancy rate vs. 32% pregnancy rate for unvaccinated heifers. The embryonic loss calculated between 30 and 75 days of gestation was 2% when comparing the vaccinated group with the unvaccinated group, while the pregnancy loss in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was numerically similar (10%) at both 30 and 75 days, but with no statistical difference (P = 0.3). In conclusion, viral pregnancy losses affect the reproductive performance of Bos indicus cattle and could be directly associated with IBR and BVD infections. Therefore, immunization with vaccines against these pathogens before initiating FTAI protocols improves the pregnancy rate and reproductive capacity of Bos indicus cattle in Ecuador.
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