Multivariate Analysis and Clustering of Risk Factors in Births in Ecuador: A 2020-2023 Study Análisis Multivariado y Clustering de Factores de Riesgo en Nacimientos en Ecuador: Un Estudio 2020-2023

Abstract

This study applies multivariate analysis and clustering techniques to identify patterns in risk factors associated with births in Ecuador between 2020 and 2023, using data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). Through principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means and hierarchical clustering, risk profiles in mothers and birth conditions are identified. The results allow for a better understanding of the determinants of neonatal risk and contribute to the formulation of public policies on maternal and child health (WHO, 2021; UNICEF, 2022). Significant conclusions are drawn about risk factors in births in Ecuador using real data from the INEC, supported by advanced statistical methodologies. This allows for providing evidence to support the need for maternal and child health interventions and improvements in access to medical services.